- a [n.] the letter A - a [prep.] to, towards <- [es a], [fr à] - abu [n.] ash, dust <- [ms abu] - abuni [a.] ashen, dusty; grey - abunia [n.] grey - Afrika [p.n.] Africa <- [la Africa] - afrikano [a.] African; pertaining to the cultures and peoples of Africa -> [see] For black Africans and their descendents specifically, see [# calhitam] - agwa [n.] water <- [es]/[pt agua] - agwamata [n.] hydrogen <- [ditto] + [# mata] - ailyuruna [a.] Amerindian, Native American; pertaining to the indigenous peoples of the Americas <- Quechua ayllu runa “indigenous people” - ais [n.] ice <- [en ice], [ms ais] - aishelyu [n.] glacier <- [ditto] + [# helyu] - aismontan [n.] iceberg <- [ditto] + [# montan] - aisni [a.] icy - akdar [a.] green <- [ar أخضر / akhḏar] - akdarisme [n.] environmentalism, green politics - akdarista [n.]/[a.] environmentalist - akdarya [n.] green - alkohol [n.] alcohol (chemical or beverage) <- Int’l alcohol - alkoholaya [a.] alcoholic, addicted to alcohol - alkoholni [a.] alcoholic, containing alcohol - alta [a.] high, tall <- [es alta] - altaya [n.] height - Amasonya [p.n.] the Amazon rainforest <- [pt Amazônia] - Amerika [p.n.] the Americas <- [la America] -> [see] See [# USA] and [# amérikan] for the U.S. - amerikano [a.] American, pertaining to the culture and people of the Americas - amérikan [a.] American, pertaining to the culture and people of the United States of America <- [en American] - amir [n.] prince, emir <- [ar أمير / amir] - amirpei [n.] principality, emirate - amor [v.]/[n.] love <- [es amor] - anangu [a.] Aboriginal Australian <- Pitjantjara Aṉangu - ananse [n.] spider, arachnid <- Akan ananse - angur [n.] grape <- [hi अंगूर / انگور / aṁgūr], [ms anggur] - angurferma [n.] vineyard <- [ditto] + [# ferma] - anti [prep.] against <- [grc ἀντί / antí] - antia [n.] opposition - bi anti [v.] oppose, be against - Antartik [p.n.] the Southern Ocean <- [la antarcticus] - Antartika [p.n.] Antarctica, the Antarctic <- [la Antarctica] - anya [a.] other, different <- [hi] अन्य anya - anyema [a.] heterosexual, straight - anyemaya [n.] heterosexuality - ar [n.] the letter R - arbol [n.] tree <- [es árbol] - Artik [p.n.] the Arctic (Ocean) - artikano [a.] Arctic, pertaining to the culture and people of the Arctic Circle - arte [n.] art, skill, craft <- [es]/[pt arte], [en]/[fr art] - arteni [a.] artistic, artful, skillful - arteren [n.] artist, craftsman <- [ditto] + [# ren] - Asia [p.n.] Asia <- [la Asia] - asiano [a.] Asian, pertaining to the culture and people of Asia -> [see] For “Asian” as a racial classifier, see [# desi] and [# dungfang] - Atlantik [p.n.] the Atlantic Ocean <- [la atlanticus] - au [part.] or <- [ar أو / aw], [sw au] - Australia [p.n.] Oceania, Australasia, the continent of Australia <- [la Australia] -> [see] For the country, see [# Ostréilia] - australiano [a.] Oceanian, Australian; pertaining to the culture and people of Oceania - auto [n.] car, automobile <- [es]/[fr auto], [ru авто / avto], [ms oto] - baca [v.] save, rescue; [n.] rescue <- [hi बचाना / بچانا / bacānā] - bacador [n.] saviour, rescuer - bad [a.] bad (poor quality) <- [en bad] - badan [n.] body (anatomy) <- [ar بدن / badan], [hi बदन / بدن / badan], [ms badan] - badanjins [n.] biological sex <- [ditto] + [# xwe] - badanxwe [n.] anatomy <- [ditto] + [# xwe] - bai [a.] white (colour) <- [zh 白 / bái] - bara [a.] heavy, massive <- [hi भारा / بھارا / bhārā] - baraya [n.] weight - Barat [p.n.] India <- [hi] भारत Bhārat - bartia [a.] Indian <- [hi] भारतीय bhārtīya - basa [a.] Basa de Dunya; (formerly) [n.] language <- [hi भाषा / بھاشا / bhāṣhā], [ms bahasa] - Basa de Dunya [p.n.] Basa de Dunya, the language of the world - baxa [n.] language <- [hi भाषा / بھاشا / bhāṣhā], [ms bahasa] - baxani [a.] linguistic - baxaxwe [n.] linguistics <- [ditto] + [# xwe] - baxaxwedor [n.] linguist - bat [num.] eight (8) <- Cantonese 八 baat - be [n.] the letter B - bebiri [n.] sheep <- [ms bebiri] - bebirika [n.] ewe - bebiriti [n.] ram - bi [v.] be; [part.] -ing, expressing continual aspect <- [en be], [ru быть / bytʼ] - Biblia [p.n.] the Bible <- [la Biblia] - bira [n.] beer <- [es birra], [ar بيرة / bīra] - bit [v.] happen, occur, take place; [n.] occurrence, occasion, event, time (e.g. “four times”) <- [hi बीतना / بیتنا / bitnā] - blak [a.] African-American, Black American <- [en black] -> [see] For black people more generally, see [# calhitam] - bola [n.] ball, sphere <- [es]/[pt]/[ms bola] - bu [v.] walk, stroll, step; [n.] walk, step <- [zh 步 / bù] “step, walk, follow” - Buda [p.n.] the Buddha <- Pali Buddha - budani [a.] Buddhist - budania [n.] Buddhism - blu [a.] blue <- [en blue], [sw bluu] - bluya [n.] blue - burju [n.] tower <- [ar برج / burj] - cakra [n.] wheel, circle <- [hi चक्र / چکر / cakra] - cakradwal [n.] bicycle <- [ditto] + [# dwal] - cal [n.] skin, bark, rind <- [hi छाल / چھال / chāl] - calbai [a.] white (ethnicity) <- [ditto] + [# bai] - calhitam [a.] black (ethnicity) <- [ditto] + [# hitam] - car [num.] four (4) <- [hi चार / چار / cār] - carjus [num.] quarter (¼) <- [ditto] + [# jus] - carel [n.] quartet, foursome - carni [a.] fourth - carnumerni [a.] quarternary <- [ditto] + [# numer] + [# -ni] - ce [n.] the letter C - cengsi [n.] orange (fruit) <- [zh 橙子 / chéngzi] - cengsini [a.] orange (colour) - cengsinia [n.] orange (colour) - centi [num.] a percent, one hundredth (0.01) <- Metric prefix centi- - Ceres [p.n.] Ceres (the dwarf planet) <- [la Ceres] - citai [v.] read <- [ru читать / čitatʼ] - co [det.] what?, who?, which? <- [ru чё / čë] “wot?” - co ren [det.] who? - en co [det.] where? - en co waktu [det.] when? - kon co [det.] how? - por co [det.] why? - da [det.] that, those; [prn.] that <- [en that], [ar ذلك / dhālika], [ru та ta] - en da [det.] there - dahina [n.]/[a.] right (side) <- [hi दाहिना / داہنا / dahina] - dahina’isme [n.] rightism - dahina’ista [a.] right-wing, [n.] rightist - dam [n.] blood <- [ar دم / dam], [sw damu] - damni [a.] bloody - danbi [n.]/[v.] sin <- [ar ذنب / dhanb], [sw dhambi] - dant [n.] tooth <- [hi दाँत / دانت / dāṁt], [ms danta], [es diente] - darma [n.] religion, faith, creed <- [hi धर्म / دھرم / dharm] - darmani [a.] religious - dau [n.] tao <- [zh 道 / dào] - dawisme [n.] Taoism - de [n.] the letter D - de [prep.] of, from <- [es de] “of, from, about”, [zh 的 / de] “of, that” - deci [num.] one tenth (0.1) <- Metric prefix deci- - dekri [v.] describe; [n.] description <- [fr décrire] - dekrikalima [n.] adjective <- [ditto] + [# kalima] - dela [v.] do, execute; [n.] action <- [ru делать delat’] - delakalima [n.] verb <- [ditto] + [# kalima] - des [num.] ten (10) <- [pt dez] - desel [n.] decuplet, decade - desi [a.] culturally or ethnically South Asian <- [hi देसी / دیسی / desī] - dimag [n.] brain <- [ar دماغ dimāgh], [hi दिमाग़ / دماغ / dimāġ] - dimagni [a.] cerebral - dimagxwe [n.] neuroscience <- [ditto] + [# xwe] - dira [n.] arm <- [ar ذراع / dhirāʻ] - dog [n.] dog <- [en dog] - doglei [n.] canid - dogni [a.] canine - doj [n.]/[v.] rain <- [ru дождь / doždʼ] - dojforesta [n.] rainforest <- [ditto] + [# foresta] - dom [n.] house, home, (in compounds) building <- [ru дом / dom] - dommarid [a.] homesick, nostalgic <- [ditto] + [# marid] - domni [a.] domestic - dungfang [a.] culturally or ethnically East Asian, “oriental” <- [zh 东方 / dōngfāng] - dugu [n.] sibling <- [sw ndugu] - duguka [n.] sister - duguti [n.] brother - dukan [n.] shop, store <- [ar دكان / dukkān], [hi दुकान / دکان / dukān], [sw duka] - Dunya [p.n.] Earth, the world <- [ar دنيا / dunyā], [sw dunia] - dunyano [a.] Earthling, Terran - dunyaxwe [n.] geography <- [ditto] + [# xwe] - dux [n.]/[v.] shower <- [fr douche], [ar دوش / dūsh], [ru душ / duš], [ms dus] - dwa [num.] two (2) <- [ru два / dva], [ms dua] - dwabitli [adv.] twice <- [+] [# bit] + [# -li] - dwa’ilaisme [n.] ditheism <- [+] [# ila] + [# -ismo] - dwa’ilaista [a.] ditheistic; [n.] ditheist <- [+] [# ila] + [# -ista] - dwal [n.] duo - dwani [a.] second - dwanumerni [a.] binary <- [+] [# numer] + [# -ni] - dwar [n.] door <- [hi द्वार / دوار / dvar], [ru дверь / dverʼ], [en door] - e [n.] the letter E - ef [n.] the letter F - ekusu [n.] non-binary person, genderqueer person <- Japanese Xジェンダー ekkusu-jendā - ekusuni [a.] non-binary, genderqueer - el [n.] the letter L - em [n.] the letter M - en [prep.] in, at, on (general locative) <- [es en] - endom [n.] inside, indoors <- [ditto] + [# dom] - eni [a.] inner, interior - enjus [n.] inside, interior <- [ditto] + [# jus] - ese [n.] the letter S - esper [v.]/[n.] hope <- [fr espérer] - esperanta [a.] Esperanto <- Esperanto Esperanta - estil [n.] style <- [ru стиль / estilʼ], [es]/[pt estilo] - estilni [a.] stylish, stylistic - estomak [n.] stomach <- [fr estomac], [es estomago], [en stomach] - et [det.] this, these; [prn.] this <- [es este], [ru это / èto] - en et [det.] here - etno [n.] race, ethnicity, ethnic group <- [grc ἔθνος / éthnos] - etnoheit [n.] racism <- [+] [# heit] - etnoheiting [a.] racist - etnoni [a.] ethnic - Europa [p.n.] Europe <- [la Europa] - europano [a.] European, pertaining to the people and culture of Europe - Ewangelyon [p.n.] the New Testament <- [grc εὐαγγέλιον / euangélion] - ex [prep.] out, outside (of), away <- [la ex] - exdom [n.] the outdoors, outside <- [+] [# dom] - exjus [n.] outside, exterior <- [+] [# jus] - exni [a.] outer, exterior - expei [n.] a foreign country, “abroad”, the rest of the world <- [+] [# pei] - expeini [a.] foreign - faras [n.] horse <- [ar فرس / faras], [sw farasi] - faraska [n.] mare - farasni [a.] equine - farasti [n.] stallion - ferma [n.] farm <- [ru ферма / ferma] - fermani [a.] agricultural - fermaxwe [n.] agriculture <- [+] [# xwe] - fermaxwedor [n.] agriculturalist - fermaren [n.] farmer - filme [n.] movie, film <- [es]/[pt filme], [en film] - filmearte [n.] the art of cinema - filmedom [n.] cinema, movie theatre <- [+] [# dom] - filmeni [a.] cinematic - filmeya [n.] filmography - fisika [n.] physics <- [la physica] - fisikani [a.] physical - fisikaren [n.] physicist - foresta [n.] forest, woods <- [en forest], [es]/[pt floresta] - Frans [p.n.] France <- [fr France] - fransé [a.] French <- [fr français] - ful [a.] full <- [en full] - fulfa [v.] fill up - funu [n.] woman <- [zh 妇女 fùnǚ] - funuisme [n.] feminism - funuista [a.]/[n.] feminist - funulei [a.] feminine, effeminate <- [+] [# lei] - fununi [a.] female - funuti [n.] pansy, femboy; a stereotypically effeminate man - fwa [a.] cold <- [fr froid] - fwahot [a.] lukewarm <- [+] [# hot] - ge [n.] the letter G - gei [v.] give, gift <- [zh 给 gěi] - giga [num.] a billion (1,000,000,000) <- Metric prefix giga- - glori [n.] glory, fame <- [en glory], [es gloria], [pt glória] - glorini [a.] famous, glorious - go [v.] go <- [en go] - grup [n.] group, assortment <- [en group], [ar قروب / grūb], [fr groupe], [hi ग्रूप / گروپ / grūp], [ms grup], [ru группа / gruppa], [es]/[pt grupo] - guto [n.] bone <- [zh 骨头 / gǔtou] - gutoya [n.] skeleton - gwan [n.] government, [v.] govern <- [zh 官 / guān] “government official” - gwaniktar [n.] election, vote - gwanjus [n.] government department, ministry <- [+] [# jus] - gwanra’is [n.] government minister, secretary <- [+] [# ra’is] - gwanren [n.] government official, civil servant <- [+] [# ren] - gwanrenya [n.] civil service - gwanhwa [a.] Mandarin Chinese <- [zh 官话 / guānhuà] - ha [n.] the letter H - ha [prn.] he, him, she, her, it, they, them; [det.] his, her, its, their (third person singular) <- [ar ـهَا / -hā] - has [prn.] they, them; [det.] their (third person plural) - haiwan [n.] animal <- [hi हैवान / حیوان / haivān], [ms haiwan/hewan], [ar حيوان / ẖayawān] - haiwani [a.] animalistic, animalian - haiwanxwe [n.] zoölogy <- [+] [# xwe] - halij [n.] bay, gulf <- [ar خليج / khalīj] - hamar [v.] ferment, brew; [n.] fermentation <- [ar خمر / khamara] “cover, hide; brew, ferment” - hamardom [n.] brewery <- [+] [# dom] - hamsa [num.] five (5) <- [ar خمسة / khamsa] - han [a.] Han Chinese <- [zh 汉 / Hàn] - hand [n.] hand <- [en hand] - handad [num.] a hundred (100) <- [en hundred] - handadel [n.] centuplet, century - hau [a.] good <- [zh 好 / hǎo] - hauya [n.] good, goodness - hawa [n.] air <- [ar هواء / hawāʻ], [hi हवा / ہوا / havā], [sw hewa] - heit [v.] hate; [n.] hatred <- [en hate] - helyu [n.] river <- [zh 河流 / héliú] - helyum [n.] helium <- [la helium] - hen [adv.] very, quite <- [zh 很 / hěn] - hitam [a.] black (colour) <- [ms hitam] - hitamya [n.] black - histori [n.] history <- [en history], [ms istoriya], [pt histórico], [ru история / istorija], [es]/[sw historia] - hof [n.]/[v.] fear, worry, concern <- [hi ख़ौफ़ / خوف / ḳhauf], [ar خوف / khawf], [sw hofu] - hofa [v.] scare, terrify, worry, frightening - hoffilme [n.] horror film - hofing [a.] worried, concerned, scared, frightened - hofwa [a.] scary, frightening, worrying, concerning - holi [a.] holy, sacred <- [en holy] - holia [n.] holiness, sanctity - holiren [n.] saint <- [+] [# ren] - homo [n.] human, homo sapiens <- [la homo] -> Useful when a distinctions between humans and persons must be drawn - hot [a.] hot <- [en hot] - hotfa [v.] heat up - hotya [n.] heat, temperature - hudye [n.] butterfly <- [zh 蝴蝶 / húdié] - i [n.] the letter I - i [part.] and <- [es y], [ru и / i] - ibna [n.] child, offspring, descendant <- [ar ابنة / ibna] “daughter” - ibnaka [n.] daughter - ibnati [n.] son - igra [v.] tempt, attract, secude; [n.] temptation, seduction <- [ar إغراء / ighrāʻ] - iktar [v.] choose, pick, decide, vote (for); [n.] choice, decision <- [ar اختار / ikhtāra] - ila [n.] god, deity <- [ar إله / ilāh] - Ila [p.n.] God (monotheistic) - ila’isme [n.] theism - ila’ista [a.] theistic, [n.] theist - ilaka [n.] goddess - ilani [a.] divine, godly - ilania [n.] divinity - ilati [n.] god (specifically male) - ilaxwe [n.] theology <- [+] [# xwe] - ilaya [n.] pantheon - imara [a.] strong, tough, powerful <- [sw imara] - imaraya [n.] strength, power - important [a.] important, major <- [en]/[fr important], [es]/[pt important] - importantya [n.] imporance - in- [aff.] un-, in-; negates adjectives and reverses verbs <- [la in-] - India [p.n.] South Asia, the Indian subcontinent <- [la India] - Indik [p.n.] the Indian Ocean <- [la indicus] - inglix [a.] English <- [en English] - inter [prep.] between, amongst <- [la inter] - interjinsni [a.] intersex <- [ditto] + [# jins] - internet [n.] internet <- [en internet] - islami [a.] Islamic, Muslim <- [ar إسلامي / islāmiyy] - islamia [n.] Islam - islamisme [n.] Islamism - it [v.] eat <- [en eat] - ix [n.] the letter X - ixi [v.] live, be alive; [n.] life <- [sw -ishi] - ixing [a.] alive - ixixwe [n.] biology <- [+] [# xwe] - ixixwedor [n.] biologist - ja [v.] to come <- [sw -ja] - jahat [a.] bad, evil <- [ms jahat] - jahatya [n.] evil - jami [n.] society, community, civilisation <- [sw jami] - jamia [n.] civilisation, global society as a whole - jamini [a.] societal, communal, civic - jamixwe [n.] sociology - jang [n.] battle, war <- [zh 仗 / zhàng] [hi जंग / جنگ / jang] - jarden [n.] garden, yard <- [fr jardin] - je [n.] the letter J - jenga [v.] build, construct; [n.] construction <- [sw -jenga] - jengaj [n.] building, structure - jidau [v.] to know, [n.] knowledge <- [zh 知道 / zhīdao] - jins [n.] category, type, kind, sort; sex, gender (grammatical or anthropological) - jinsheit [n.] sexism - jolti [a.] yellow <- [ru жёлтый žëltyj] - joltia [n.] yellow - junghwa [a.] Chinese <- [zh 中华 / Zhōnghuá] - Jungwo [p.n.] China <- [zh 中国 / Zhōngguó] - jus [n.] part, section, division <- [ar جزء / juz‘] - juspei [n.] state, province, county, &c <- [ditto] + [# pei] - ka [n.] the letter K - kabra [n.] goat <- [es]/[pt cabra] - kafe [n.] coffee <- [zh 咖啡 / kāfēi], [es]/[fr]/[pt café] - kafeski [a.] brown - kafeskia [n.] brown - kalima [n.] word <- [ar كلمة / kalima], [hi कलमा / کلمہ / kalma], [ms kalimah] - kalimakitab [n.] dictionary - kalimaya [n.] vocabulary - kanun [n.] law, axiom <- [ar قانون qānūn], [hi क़ानून / قانون / qānūn], [sw kanuni] - kanundom [n.] parliament, legislature - kanuni [a.] legal (pertaining to the law) - kanunren [n.] lawyer - karib [a.] near, close, approximate <- [ar قريب / qarīb], [hi क़रीब / قریب / qarīb] - kaul [v.] to say, to tell; [n.] speech, saying, phrase, sentence <- [ar قول qawl] - kaulya [n.] story - ke [part.] that, which, who (introduces a subclause) <- [es que] - keltaid [a.] Celtic <- Welsh Celtaidd - kemia [n.] chemistry - kepala [n.] head <- [ms kepala] - kepalaguto [n.] skuill <- [ditto] + [# guto] - kilya [n.] <- [grc χίλια / chília] - kit [n.] cat, housecat <- [ar قط / qiṯṯ] - kitab [n.] book - ku [n.] the letter Q - lakin [part.] but, however, except <- [ar لكن / lākin], [hi लेकिन / لیکن / lekin], [sw lakini] - lojbo [a.] Lojban <- Lojban lojbo - maha [a.] big, large, great; epic, mighty, grand <- [hi] महा mahā, [ms maha] - nen [n.] the letter N - o [n.] the letter O - pe [n.] the letter P - ren [n.] person, human <- [zh 人 rén] - renkabra [n.] satyr, faun <- [ditto] + [# kabra] - set [n.] the letter Z - te [n.] the letter T - tra [prep.] across <- [la trans] - trajinsni [a.] transgender <- [# jins] - u [n.] the letter U - wau [n.] the letter V - we [n.] the letter W - xati [n.] beach, coast, shore <- [ar شاطئ / shāṯiʻ] - ye [n.] the letter Y - -ador [n.] -er; forms agent nouns <- [es -ador] -> Becomes -dor after a vowel - -aj [n.] forms nouns representing results of verbs <- [fr -age], Esperanto -aĵo - -ano [a.] pertaining to the culture and people of a certain place <- [es]/[pt -ano] -> Elides final vowels. Prefer direct borrowings where possible. - -el [n.] a group of n of something - -ema [a.] attracted to, prone to <- Esperanto -ema -> Elides final vowels - -eski [a.] -esque, -ish, similar to or in the style of - -fa [v.] -ify; -ise; forms verbs meaning “to make” or “to become” <- Cantonese -化 -faa - -ing [a.] -ing; present active participle <- [en -ing] - -ka [n.] forms female equivalents of nouns <- [ru -ка / -ka] - -li [adv.] forms adverbs <- [en -li] - -ni [a.] forms adjectives from nouns <- [ru ный / -nyj] - -s [n.] pluralises nouns -> Becomes -es after a consonant - -ti [n.] forms male equivalents of nouns <- Burmese ထီး -ti - -wa [a.] -ed; past passive participle <- [# wa] - -ya [n.] -ness; forms nouns from adjectives, and nouns denoting collections of things treated as a whole unit <- [ar -ية / -iyya]