slug: loanwords
translates: loanwords
lang: en
title: One loan word per language
pageCreated: "2020-06-16"
pageUpdated: "2026-03-17"
extends ../../views/layout.pug
append cosmetics
link(href="/loanwords/loanwords.css", rel="stylesheet")
block header
h1 One loan word per language
block content
+table
tr.legend
th Language
th English
th Original word
th Original meaning
th Further etymology or notes
tr.indo-european
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Indoeuropean
tr.indo-european
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 Germanic
tr.indo-european
th.family-head.lv-4(colspan="5")
h4 West Germanic
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("za")] Afrikaans
td.english-word trek
td.original-word
i(lang="af") trek
td.meaning A journey
td.etymology
| Dutch #[i(lang="nl") trek] “journey, migration”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("nl")] Dutch
small: i(lang="nl") Nederlands
td.english-word boss
td.original-word
i(lang="nl") baas
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| Mid. Dutch #[i(lang="dum") baes] “master”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("gb/wessex")] Old English
small: i(lang="ang") Ænglisc
td.english-word weird
td.original-word
i(lang="ang") wyrd
td.meaning Fate, destiny
td.etymology
| Proto-Indoeuropean #[i(lang="ine-x-proto") *wert-] “to turn, to wind”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("de")] German
small: i(lang="de") Deutsch
td.english-word schadenfreude
td.original-word
i(lang="de") Schadenfreude
td.meaning
| ” (#[i Enjoyment from another’s misfortune])
td.etymology #[i(lang="de") Schaden] “harm” + #[i(lang="de") Freude] “joy”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("yiddish")] Yiddish
small #[bdi(lang="yi") יידיש] #[i(lang="yi-Latn") Yidisch]
td.english-word klutz
td.original-word
bdi(lang="yi") קלאָץ
|
i(lang="yi-Latn") klots
td.meaning A wooden beam
td.etymology
| Proto–West Germanic #[i(lang="gmw-x-proto") *klott], whence English
i clod
tr.indo-european
th.family-head.lv-4(colspan="5")
h4 Nordic
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("dk")] Danish
small: i(lang="da") Dansk
td.english-word angst
td.original-word
i(lang="da") angst
td.meaning Fear, dread, anxiety, angst
td.etymology
| Proto-Germanic #[i(lang="gem-x-proto") *angustiz] “narrowness, tightness, fear, anxiety”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("fo")] Færoese
small: i(lang="fo") Føroyskt
td.english-word skua
td.original-word
i(lang="fo") skúgvur
td.meaning A great skua
td.etymology
| Old Norse #[i(lang="non") skúfr] “great skua”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("is")] Icelandic
small: i(lang="is") Íslenska
td.english-word geyser
td.original-word
i(lang="is") Geysir
td.meaning Name of a large geyser in southwestern Iceland
td.etymology
| Literally “gusher”, from #[i(lang="is") geysa] “to gush”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("viking").irregular] Old Norse
small: i(lang="non") Norrǿna
td.english-word window
td.original-word
i(lang="non") vindauga
td.meaning ”
td.etymology #[i(lang="non") vindr] “wind” + #[i(lang="non") auga] “eye”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("no")] Norwegian
small: i(lang="nb") Norsk
td.english-word ski
td.original-word
i(lang="nb") ski
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| Old Norse #[i(lang="non") skíð] “snowshoe, stick of wood”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("se")] Swedish
small: i(lang="sv") Svenska
td.english-word moped
td.original-word
i(lang="sv") moped
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
i(lang="sv")
| tramp-cykel med
strong mo
| tor och
strong ped
| aler
| “bicycle with engine and pedals”
tr.indo-european
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 Romance
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("es/cat")] Catalan
small: i(lang="ca") Català
td.english-word paella
td.original-word
i(lang="ca") paella
td.meaning A frying pan, a paella
td.etymology
| Latin #[i(lang="la") patella] “pan”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("fr/bourbon")] Old French
small: i(lang="fro") Franceis
td.english-word air
td.original-word
i(lang="fro") air
td.meaning Air, the atmosphere, a breeze, the weather
td.etymology
| Ancient Greek
span(lang="grc") ᾱ̓ήρ
| #[i(lang="grc-Latn") āḗr] air, mist, wind
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("es")] Castillian
small: i(lang="es") Castellano
td.english-word tornado
td.original-word
i(lang="es") tronada
td.meaning A thunderstorm
td.etymology #[i(lang="es") tronar] “to thunder”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("fr")] French
small: i(lang="fr") Français
td.english-word hotel
td.original-word
i(lang="fr") hôtel
td.meaning A mansion, a hotel
td.etymology
| Latin #[i(lang="la") hospitāle] “hospital, guesthouse”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("it")] Italian
small: i(lang="it") Italiano
td.english-word balcony
td.original-word
i(lang="it") balcone
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| augmentative of #[i(lang="it") balco] “scaffold, balcony”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("it/rm")] Latin
small: i(lang="la") Latina
td.english-word nature
td.original-word
i(lang="la") nātūra
td.meaning A nature, an essence, the natural world, a penis
td.etymology #[i(lang="la") nāscor] “be born”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("pt")] Portuguese
small: i(lang="pt") Português
td.english-word dodo
td.original-word
i(lang="pt") doudo
td.meaning A crazy person
td.etymology
| dated form of
i(lang="pt") doido
tr.indo-european
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 Indoiranian
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("mv")] Dhivehi
small: bdi(lang="dv") ދިވެހި
td.english-word atoll
td.original-word #[bdi(lang="dv") އަތޮޅު] #[i(lang="dv-Latn") atholhu]
td.meaning A province, an atoll
td.etymology
| Uncertain; suggestions include Sanskrit #[span(lang="sa") अन्तर] #[i(lang="sa-Latn") antara] “interior”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("in")] #[+flag("pk")] Hindi–Urdu
small
span(lang="hi") हिंदी
|
bdi(lang="ur") اردو
td.english-word pyjamas
td.original-word
span(lang="hi") पाजामा
|
span(lang="ur") پاجامہ
|
i(lang="hi-Latn") pājāmā
td.meaning Loose cotton trousers
td.etymology
| Persian
bdi(lang="fa") پايجامه
| #[i(lang="fa-Latn") pâyjâma] “leg garment”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("ir")] Persian
small #[bdi(lang="fa") فارسی] #[i(lang="fa-Latn") Fārsi]
td.english-word caravan
td.original-word
bdi(lang="fa") کاروان
|
i(lang="fa-Latn") kārvān
td.meaning A caravan, a convoy
td.etymology
| Mid. Persian
bdi(lang="pal-Phli") 𐭪𐭠𐭫𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭥
| #[i(lang="pal-Latn") kārawān] “military column”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("sikh").irregular] Punjabi
small #[span(lang="pa") ਪੰਜਾਬੀ] #[i(lang="pa-Latn") Paṁjābī]
td.english-word Sikh
td.original-word
span(lang="pa") ਸਿੱਖ
|
i(lang="pa-Latn") sikhkha
td.meaning A Sikh, the Sikh community
td.etymology
| Sanskrit
span(lang="sa") शिक्षा
| #[i(lang="sa-Latn") śikṣā] “learning, study, skill”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("roma")] Romany
small: i(lang="rom") Rromani ćhib
td.english-word pal
td.original-word
i(lang="rom") phral
td.meaning A brother
td.etymology
| Cognate with English #[i brother], Latin #[i(lang="la") frater],
i &c.
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("in")] Sanskrit
small #[span(lang="sa") संस्कृतम्] #[i(lang="sa-Latn") Saṃskṛtam]
td.english-word karma
td.original-word
span(lang="sa") कर्मन्
|
i(lang="sa-Latn") kárman
td.meaning An act, an action, a performance, karma
td
tr.indo-european
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 Slavic
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("cz")] Czech
small: i(lang="cs") Čeština
td.english-word robot
td.original-word
i(lang="cs") robot
td.meaning ”
td.etymology #[i(lang="cs") robota] “servitude, drudgery”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("pl")] Polish
small: i(lang="pl") Polski
td.english-word sabre
td.original-word
i(lang="pl") szabla
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| via German #[i(lang="de") Säbel], French
i(lang="fr") sabre
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("ru")] Russian
small #[span(lang="ru") Русский] #[i(lang="ru-Latn") Russkij]
td.english-word mammoth
td.original-word
span(lang="ru") мамонт
|
i(lang="ru-Latn") mamont
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| Compare Proto-Uralic #[i(lang="urj-x-proto") *mëxe] “
span.theonym earth
| , land”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("yu")] Serbo-Croatian
small #[span(lang="sh-Cyrl") Српскохрватски] #[i(lang="sh-Latn") Srpskohrvatski]
td.english-word vampire
td.original-word
span(lang="sh-Cyrl") вампир
|
i(lang="sh-Latn") vampir
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| via German #[i(lang="de") Vampir], French
i(lang="fr") vampire
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("ua")] Ukrainian
small #[span(lang="uk") Українська] #[i(lang="ru-Latn") Ukrainska]
td.english-word Cossack
td.original-word
span(lang="uk") козак
|
i(lang="uk-Latn") kozak
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| via Polish #[i(lang="pl") kozak], French
i(lang="fr") cosaque
tr.indo-european
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 Hellenic
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("gr/ancient")] Ancient Greek
small #[span(lang="grc") Ἀρχαία ἑλληνική] #[i(lang="grc-Latn") Archǽa hellēnicḗ]
td.english-word iris
td.original-word
span(lang="grc") ἶρις
|
i(lang="grc-Latn") îris
td.meaning A rainbow
td.etymology
| via Latin
i(lang="la") īris
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("gr")] Greek
small #[span(lang="el") Ελληνικά] #[i(lang="el-Latn") Elliniká]
td.english-word malarkey
td.original-word
span(lang="el") μαλακία
|
i(lang="el-Latn") malakía
td.meaning Masturbation, nonsense
td
tr.indo-european
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 Celtic
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("fr/bre")] Breton
small: i(lang="br") Brezhoneg
td.english-word menhir
td.original-word
i(lang="br") maen-hir
td.meaning A long stone
td.etymology Via French #[i(lang="fr") menhir]
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("ie")] Irish
small: i(lang="ga") Gaeilge
td.english-word tory
td.original-word
i(lang="ga") tóraí
td.meaning An outlaw, a pursuer
td.etymology
| Originally applied to Irish Catholic rebels, then to supporters of the Catholic king James
span.all-sc VII
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("gb/sco")] Scots Gaelic
small: i(lang="gd") Gàidhlig
td.english-word slogan
td.original-word
i(lang="gd") sluagh-ghairm
td.meaning A battle cry
td.etymology #[i(lang="gd") sluagh] “crowd, (obsolete) army” + #[i(lang="gd") ghairm] “cry”
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("gb/wls")] Welsh
small: i(lang="cy") Cymraeg
td.english-word corgi
td.original-word
i(lang="cy") corgi
td.meaning ”
td.etymology #[i(lang="cy") cor] “dwarf” + #[i(lang="cy") ci] “dog”
tr.indo-european
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 Other
tr.indo-european
td.language
| #[+flag("al")] Albanian
small: i(lang="sq") Shqip
td.english-word dhampir
td.original-word
i(lang="sq") dhampir
td.meaning
| ” (#[i A half-human, half-vampire])
td.etymology
| From a South Slavic language, possibly Serbo-Croatian or Bulgarian
span(lang="sh") вампир
| #[i(lang="sh") vampir]
tr.sino-tibetan
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Sinotibetan
tr.sino-tibetan
td.language
| #[+flag("hk")] Cantonese
small #[span(lang="yue-Hant") 廣東話] #[i(lang="yue-Latn") Gwóngdūng wǎ]
td.english-word kowtow
td.original-word
span(lang="yue-Hant") 叩頭
|
i(lang="yue-Latn") kautàu
td.meaning To bow so deeply one’s forehead touches the ground
td.etymology
span(lang="yue-Hant") 叩
| “knock” +
span(lang="yue-Hant") 頭
| “head”
tr.sino-tibetan
td.language
| #[+flag("tw")] Hokkien
small #[span(lang="nan-Hant") 閩南語] #[i(lang="nan-Latn") Bân-lâm-gí]
td.english-word ginseng
td.original-word
span(lang="nan-Hant") 人參
|
i(lang="nan-Latn") jîn-sim
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
tr.sino-tibetan
td.language
| #[+flag("cn")] Mandarin
small #[span(lang="zh-Hant") 官話] #[i(lang="zh-Latn") Guānhuà]
td.english-word kung-fu
td.original-word
span(lang="zh-Hant") 功夫
|
i(lang="zh-Latn") gōngfu
td.meaning Skill, accomplishment
td.etymology
span(lang="zh-Hant") 功
| “achievement” +
span(lang="zh-Hant") 夫
| “man”
tr.sino-tibetan
td.language
| #[+flag("cn/xz")] Tibetan
small #[span(lang="bo-Tibt") བོད་ཡིག] #[i(lang="bo-Latn") Pöyig]
td.english-word lama
td.original-word
span(lang="bo-Tibt") བླ་མ
|
i(lang="bo-Latn") lama
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
tr.niger-congo
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Niger–Congo
tr.niger-congo
td.language
| #[+flag("ng/biafra")] Igbo
small: i(lang="ig") Ìgbò
td.english-word okra
td.original-word
i(lang="ig") ọ́kụ̀rụ̀
td.meaning ”
td.etymology Disputed, may well come from some other related language
tr.niger-congo
td.language
| #[+flag("tz")] Swahili
small: i(lang="sw") Kiswahili
td.english-word safari
td.original-word
i(lang="sw") safari
td.meaning A journey, a trip
td.etymology
| Arabic
bdi(lang="ar-Arab") سفر
| #[i(lang="ar-Latn") safar] “departure, journey, military campaign”
tr.niger-congo
td.language
| #[+flag("sn")] Wolof
td.english-word banana
td.original-word
i(lang="wo") banaana
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| Arabic
bdi(lang="ar-Arab") بنانة
| #[i(lang="ar-Latn") banāna] “fingertip, finger”
tr.niger-congo
td.language
| #[+flag("za")] Xhosa
small: i(lang="xh") IsiXhosa
td.english-word ubuntu
td.original-word
i(lang="xh") ubuntu
td.meaning Ubuntu, humaneness, solidarity
td.etymology
| Also borrowed from Zulu #[i ubuntu] “ubuntu, solidarity, humanity”
tr.niger-congo
td.language
| #[+flag("ng")] Yoruba
small: i(lang="ig") Yorùbá
td.english-word dashiki
td.original-word
i(lang="yo") dàńṣíkí
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| Hausa #[i(lang="ha") ɗan ciki] “inner garment”
tr.niger-congo
td.language
| #[+flag("za")] Zulu
small: i(lang="za") IsiZulu
td.english-word impala
td.original-word
i(lang="zu") impala
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| Proto-Bantu #[i(lang="bnt") *mpàdá] “impala”
tr.afro-asiatic
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Afroasiatic
tr.afro-asiatic
td.language
| #[+flag("assyria")] Akkadian
small #[span(lang="akk") 𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑] #[i(lang="akk-Latn") Akkadû]
td.english-word lamassu
td.original-word
bdi(lang="akk") 𒀭𒆗
|
i(lang="akk-Latn") lamassu
td.meaning
| ” (#[i A sphinx-like guardian Deity of Assyrian myth])
td.etymology
tr.afro-asiatic
td.language
| #[+flag("et")] Amharic
small #[span(lang="am") አማርኛ] #[i(lang="am-Latn") Amari̠nya]
td.english-word teff
td.original-word
bdi(lang="am") ጤፍ
|
i(lang="am-Latn") ṭef
td.meaning
| ” (#[i An edible grass native to the Horn of Africa])
td.etymology
tr.afro-asiatic
td.language
| #[+flag("arableague")] Arabic
small #[bdi(lang="ar") العربية] #[i(lang="ar-Latn") al-ʻArabiyyah]
td.english-word coffee
td.original-word
bdi(lang="ar-Arab") قهوة
|
i(lang="ar-Latn") qahwa
td.meaning Wine, coffee
td.etymology
| via Turkish #[i(lang="tr") kahve], Dutch
i(lang="nl") koffie
tr.afro-asiatic
td.language
| #[+flag("aramaic")] Aramaic
small #[bdi(lang="arc-Hebr") ארמיא] #[i(lang="arc-Latn") Ārāmāyā]
td.english-word abbot
td.original-word
bdi(lang="arc-Hebr") אבא
|
i(lang="arc-Latn") ʾabbā
td.meaning A father, an ancestor, a teacher, a leader, an author
td.etymology
tr.afro-asiatic
td.language
| #[+flag("eg")] Egyptian
small #[i(lang="egy-Latn") Ra ni Ku:mat]
td.english-word lily
td.original-word: i(lang="egy-Latn") ḥaru:rat
td.meaning A flower, a blossom
td.etymology
| via Coptic
span(lang="cop-Copt") ϩⲗⲏⲣⲓ
| #[i(lang="cop-Latn") hlēri], Ancient Greek
span(lang="grc") λείριον
| #[i(lang="grc-Latn") leírion], Latin
i(lang="la") līlium
tr.afro-asiatic
td.language
| #[+flag("il")] Hebrew
small #[bdi(lang="he") עִבְרִית] #[i(lang="he-Latn") Ivrit]
td.english-word hallelujah
td.original-word
bdi(lang="he") הללויה
|
i(lang="he-Latn") halleluyah
td.meaning Praise God!
td.etymology
bdi(lang="he") הללו
| “praise” +
bdi(lang="he") יה
| (personal name of God)
tr.austronesian
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Austronesian
tr.austronesian
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 Malayopolynesian
tr.austronesian
th.family-head.lv-4(colspan="5")
h4 Philippine
tr.austronesian
td.language
| #[+flag("ph/ilocano")] Ilocano
small: i(lang="ilo") Ilokano
td.english-word yo-yo
td.original-word
i(lang="ilo") yóyo
td.meaning ”
td
tr.austronesian
td.language
| #[+flag("ph")] Tagalog
td.english-word boondocks
td.original-word
i(lang="tl") bundok
td.meaning A mountain
td
tr.austronesian
th.family-head.lv-4(colspan="5")
h4 Oceanic
tr.austronesian
td.language
| #[+flag("us/hi")] Hawaiʻian
small: i(lang="haw") ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
td.english-word ukulele
td.original-word
i(lang="haw") ʻukulele
td.meaning ”
td.etymology #[i(lang="haw") ʻuku] “flea” + #[i(lang="haw") lele] “to jump”
tr.austronesian
td.language
| #[+flag("nz/maori")] Māori
small: i(lang="mi") Te reo Māori
td.english-word kiwi
td.original-word
i(lang="mi") kiwi
td.meaning A kiwi bird
td.etymology Onomatopœic
tr.austronesian
td.language
| #[+flag("mh")] Marshallese
small: i(lang="mh") Kajin Ṃajeḷ
td.english-word bikini
td.original-word
i(lang="mi") Pikinni
td.meaning Bikini Atoll, where the U.S. tested its nuclear arsenal
td.etymology Bestowed to the garment in 1946 by its designer, Louis Réard
tr.austronesian
td.language
| #[+flag("cl/easterisland")] Rapa Nui
td.english-word moai
td.original-word
i(lang="rap") moꞌai
td.meaning A statue
td
tr.austronesian
td.language
| #[+flag("pf")] Tahitian
small: i(lang="ty") Reo Tahiti
td.english-word tattoo
td.original-word
i(lang="ty") tātau
td.meaning ”
td.etymology Proto-Polynesian #[i tatau]; borrowed into English by James Cook as #[i tattow] while in Tahiti
tr.austronesian
td.language
| #[+flag("to")] Tongan
small: i(lang="to") Lea faka-Tonga
td.english-word taboo
td.original-word
i(lang="to") tapu
td.meaning Prohibited, sacred
td.etymology Also found in Māori, Rapa Nui, Samoan, and Tahitian
tr.austronesian
th.family-head.lv-4(colspan="5")
h4 Other
tr.austronesian
td.language
| #[+flag("majapahit")] Javanese
small #[span(lang="jv-Java") ꦧꦱꦗꦮ] #[i(lang="jv-Latn") Basa Jawa]
td.english-word satay
td.original-word #[span(lang="jv-Java") ꦱꦠꦺ] #[i(lang="jv-Latn") saté]
td.meaning ”
td.etymology Tamil #[span(lang="ta") சதை] #[i(lang="ta-Latn") catai] “flesh”
tr.austronesian
td.language
| #[+flag("mg")] Malagasy
td.english-word fossa
td.original-word
i(lang="mg") fosa
td.meaning ”
td.etymology Pronounced /fusə/ (King Julien was right); cognate with Tagalog #[i(lang="tl") pusa] “cat”
tr.austronesian
td.language
| #[+flag("my")] Malay
small: i(lang="ms") Bahasa Melayu
td.english-word orangutan
td.original-word
i(lang="ms") orang utan
td.meaning ”
td.etymology #[i(lang="id") orang] “person” + #[i(lang="ms") utan] “forest”
tr.dravidian
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Dravidian
tr.dravidian
td.language
| #[+flag("in/ka")] Kannada
small #[span(lang="kn") ಕನ್ನಡ] #[i(lang="kn-Latn") Kannaḍa]
td.english-word bamboo
td.original-word
span(lang="kn") ಬಂಬು
|
i(lang="kn-Latn") baṁbu
td.meaning ”
td.etymology via Malay #[i(lang="ms") bambu], Dutch #[i(lang="nl") bamboe]
tr.dravidian
td.language
| #[+flag("in")] Malayalam
small #[span(lang="ml") മലയാളം] #[i(lang="ml-Latn") Malayāḷaṁ]
td.english-word mango
td.original-word
span(lang="ml") മാങ്ങ
|
i(lang="ml-Latn") māṅṅa
td.meaning An unripe mango fruit
td.etymology
| via Malay #[i(lang="ms") mangga], Portuguese
i(lang="pt") manga
tr.dravidian
td.language
| #[+flag("in")] Tamil
small #[span(lang="ta") தமிழ்] #[i(lang="ta-Latn") Tamil̮]
td.english-word pariah
td.original-word
span(lang="ta") பறையர்
|
i(lang="ta-Latn") paṟaiyar
td.meaning Drummers; the Paraiyar, a lower caste in southern Indian society
td.etymology
span(lang="ta") பறை
| #[i(lang="ta-Latn") paṟai] “drum”
tr.dravidian
td.language
| #[+flag("in")] Telugu
small #[span(lang="te") తెలుగు] #[i(lang="te-Latn") Tĕlugu]
td.english-word bandicoot
td.original-word
span(lang="te") పందికొక్కు
|
i(lang="te-Latn") paṁdikŏkku
td.meaning A bandicoot rat (unrelated to actual bandicoots, who are native to New Guinea)
td.etymology
span(lang="te") పంది
| #[i(lang="te-Latn") paṁdi] “pig” +
span(lang="te") కొక్కు
| #[i(lang="te-Latn") kŏkku] “great rat, bandicoot”
tr.kra-dai
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Kra–Dai
tr.kra-dai
td.language
| #[+flag("la")] Lao
small #[span(lang="lo") ລາວ] #[i(lang="lo-Latn") Lao]
td.english-word saola
td.original-word #[span(lang="lo") ເສົາຫລາ] #[i(lang="lo-Latn") saola]
td.meaning ” (#[i A vanishingly rare endangered bovid discovered in 1992])
td.etymology Literally “spindle-horned”
tr.kra-dai
td.language
| #[+flag("th")] Thai
small #[span(lang="th") ไทย] #[i(lang="th-Latn") Thai]
td.english-word wat
td.original-word #[span(lang="th") วัด] #[i(lang="th-Latn") wat]
td.meaning A temple, a cathedral, a place of worship
td.etymology Sanskrit #[span(lang="sa") वाट] #[i(lang="sa-Latn") vāṭa] “enclosure”
tr.uralic
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Uralic
tr.uralic
td.language
| #[+flag("fi")] Finnish
small: i(lang="fi") Suomi
td.english-word sauna
td.original-word
i(lang="fi") sauna
td.meaning A sauna, (obsolete) a pit dug into snow for temporary shelter
td.etymology
tr.uralic
td.language
| #[+flag("hu")] Hungarian
small: i(lang="hu") Magyar
td.english-word coach
td.original-word
i(lang="hu") kocsi
td.meaning A cart, a carriage, a car
td.etymology
| via German #[i(lang="de") Kutsche], French #[i(lang="fr") coche]; after the cart-buildng town of Kocs
tr.uralic
td.language
| #[+flag("sami")] Kildin Sámi
small #[span(lang="sjd-Cyrl") Кӣллт са̄мь] #[i(lang="sjd-Latn") Kiillt saam’]
td.english-word tundra
td.original-word
span(lang="sjd-Cyrl") тӯнтар
|
i(lang="sjd-Latn") tuuntar
td.meaning A mountain fell, a fjeld
td.etymology
tr.uralic
td.language
| #[+flag("ru/nen")] Nenets
small #[span(lang="yrk-Cyrl") Ненэцяʼ] #[i(lang="yrk-Latn") Njenecja’]
td.english-word parka
td.original-word
span(lang="yrk-Cyrl") парка
|
i(lang="yrk-Latn") parka
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
tr.algic
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Algic
tr.algic
td.language
| #[+flag("abenaki")] Abenaki
small #[i(lang="abe") Alnôbaôdwawôgan]
td.english-word skunk
td.original-word #[i(lang="abe") segôgw]
td.meaning ”
td.etymology Proto-Algonquian #[i *šeka·kwa], literally “pissing fox”; cognate with #[i Chicago] via Miami #[i(lang="mia") šikaakwa].
tr.algic
td.language
| #[+flag("cree")] Cree
small #[span(lang="cr") ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ] #[i(lang="cr-Latn") Nêhiyawêwin]
td.english-word pemmican
td.original-word #[span(lang="cr") ᐱᒦᐦᑳᐣ] #[i(lang="cr-Latn") pimîhkân]
td.meaning ” (#[i A nutrient-rich paste of dried meat, berries, and fat])
td.etymology #[span(lang="cr") ᐱᒥᕀ] #[i(lang="cr-Latn") pimiy] “fat, lard” + #[span(lang="cr") ᐃᐦᑳᐣ] #[i(lang="cr") -ihkân] “artificial, man-made”
tr.algic
td.language
| #[+flag("ca/mikmaq")] Mi’kmaq
small: i(lang="mic") Miʼkmawiʼsimk
td.english-word caribou
td.original-word
i(lang="mic") qalipu
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| Proto-Algonquian #[i(lang="alg") *maka·lipowa] “it shovels snow”
tr.algic
td.language
| #[+flag("ca/ojibwe")] Ojibwe
small: i(lang="oj") Anishinaabemowin
td.english-word totem
td.original-word
i(lang="oj") odoodem
td.meaning Their (sg.) clan, their totem
td
tr.algic
td.language
| #[+flag("us/powhatan")] Powhatan
small: i(lang="pim") Kikitowämak
td.english-word raccoon
td.original-word
i(lang="pim") arahkun
td.meaning ”
td.etymology #[i(lang="pim") arahkuněm] “he scratches with his hands”
tr.algic
td.language
| #[+flag("wampanoag")] Wampanoag
small #[i(lang="wam") Wôpanâôtuwâôk]
td.english-word powwow
td.original-word #[i(lang="wam") pawâw]
td.meaning A shaman
td.etymology Proto-Algonquian #[i *pawe·wa] “shaman, dreamer”
tr.inuit-yupik-unangan
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Hyperborean
tr.inuit-yupik-unangan
td.language
| #[+flag("gl")] Greenlandic
small: i(lang="kl") Kalaallisut
td.english-word kayak
td.original-word
i(lang="kl") qajaq
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| via Danish
i(lang="da") kajak
tr.inuit-yupik-unangan
td.language
| #[+flag("ca/nu")] Inuktitut
small #[span(lang="iu-Cans") ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ]
td.english-word igloo
td.original-word
span(lang="iu-Cans") ᐃᒡᓗ
|
i(lang="iu-Latn") iglu
td.meaning A house, a building
td.etymology
| Proto–Inuit–Yupik
i(lang="esx") *ǝŋlu
tr.inuit-yupik-unangan
td.language
| #[+flag("us/ak")] Iñupiaq
small: i(lang="ik") Iñupiatun
td.english-word malamute
td.original-word
i(lang="ik") malimiut
td.meaning The Malimiut people of northwestern Alaska
td.etymology Known for breeding malamutes
tr.inuit-yupik-unangan
td.language
| #[+flag("us/ak")] Yup’ik
small: i(lang="esu") Yugtun
td.english-word mukluk
td.original-word
i(lang="esu") maklak
td.meaning A bearded seal
td
tr.pama-nyungan
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Pama–Nyungan
tr.pama-nyungan
td.language
| #[+flag("au/aboriginal")] Arabana
td.english-word witchetty
td.original-word
i(lang="ard") witjuti
td.meaning
| A witchetty bush (#[i a wattle of the Australian outback, often home to the eponymous critter])
td.etymology
tr.pama-nyungan
td.language
| #[+flag("au/aboriginal")] Dharug
td.english-word koala
td.original-word
i(lang="xdk") gula
td.meaning ”
td
tr.pama-nyungan
td.language
| #[+flag("au/aboriginal")] Gamilaraay
td.english-word bilby
td.original-word
i(lang="kld") bilbi
td.meaning ”
td
tr.pama-nyungan
td.language
| #[+flag("au/aboriginal")] Guugu Yimidhirr
td.english-word kangaroo
td.original-word
i(lang="kky") gangurru
td.meaning An eastern grey kangaroo
td
tr.pama-nyungan
td.language
| #[+flag("au/aboriginal")] Noongar
td.english-word quokka
td.original-word
i(lang="nys") gwaga
td.meaning ”
td
tr.pama-nyungan
td.language
| #[+flag("au/aboriginal")] Wadawurrung
td.english-word bunyip
td.original-word
i(lang="wth") ban-yib
td.meaning ” (#[i A swamp-dwelling monster of Australian folklore])
td
tr.pama-nyungan
td.language
| #[+flag("au/aboriginal")] Wiradjuri
td.english-word kookaburra
td.original-word
i(lang="wrh") guuguubarra
td.meaning ”
td.etymology Onomatopœic
tr.pama-nyungan
td.language
| #[+flag("au/aboriginal")] Woiwurrung
td.english-word yabber
td.original-word
i(lang="wyi") yaba
td.meaning To speak, to talk
td
tr.pama-nyungan
td.language
| #[+flag("au/aboriginal")] Yagara
td.english-word yakka
td.original-word
i(lang="yxg") yaga
td.meaning Work
td.etymology
tr.muscogean
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Muscogean
tr.muscogean
td.language
| #[+flag("us/choctaw")] Choctaw
small: i(lang="cho") Chahta
td.english-word bayou
td.original-word
i(lang="ay") bayuk
td.meaning A creek, a river
td.etymology via French #[i(lang="es") bayou]
tr.muscogean
td.language
| #[+flag("us/muscogee")] Muscogee
small: i(lang="mus") Mvskoke
td.english-word tupelo
td.original-word
i(lang="mus") topilwa
td.meaning ”
td.etymology #[i(lang="mus") ito] “tree” + #[i(lang="mus") opilwa] “swamp”
tr.salishan
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Salishan
tr.salishan
td.language
| #[+flag("ca/musqueam")] Halkomelem
small: i(lang="hur") halq̓eméylem
td.english-word sasquatch
td.original-word
i(lang="hur") sesq̓ec
td.meaning ”
td
tr.salishan
td.language
| #[+flag("us/tulalip")] Lushootseed
small: i(lang="lut") dxʷləšucid
td.english-word geoduck
td.original-word
i(lang="lut") gʷidəq
td.meaning ” (#[i A phallic saltwater clam of the northern Pacific])
td
tr.other
th.family-head.lv-2(colspan="5")
h2 Other
tr.other
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 Africa
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("nama")] Khoekhoe
small: i(lang="naq") Khoekhoegowab
td.english-word gnu
td.original-word
i(lang="naq") !nu
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
| via Dutch
i(lang="nl") gnoe
tr.other
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 Asia
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("evenk")] Evenki
small #[span(lang="evn-Cyrl") Эвэды̄] #[i(lang="evn-Latn") Ēvēdee]
td.english-word shaman
td.original-word
span(lang="evn-Cyrl") шаман
|
i(lang="evn-Latn") xaman
td.meaning
| ”
td.etymology Possibly Sanskrit #[span(lang="sa") श्रमण] #[i(lang="sa-Latn") śramaṇá] “ascetic, monk, devotee”
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("jp")] Japanese
small #[span(lang="ja") 日本語] #[i(lang="ja-Latn") Nihongo]
td.english-word futon
td.original-word
span(lang="ja") 布団
|
i(lang="ja-Latn") futon
td.meaning
| A foldable mattress #[i &] duvet placed on the floor
td.etymology
| Mid. Chinese
span(lang="ltc-Hant") 蒲團
| #[i(lang="ltc-Latn") bu-dwan] “meditation cushion”
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("kr")] Korean
small #[span(lang="ko") 한국어] #[i(lang="ko-Latn") Han’gugeo]
td.english-word taekwondo
td.original-word
span(lang="ko") 태권도
|
i(lang="ko-Latn") taegwondo
td.meaning
| ”
td.etymology #[span(lang="ko") 태권] #[i(lang="ko-Latn") taegwon] “kicking and punching” + #[span(lang="ko") 도] #[i(lang="ko-Latn") do] “the way”
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("tr")] Turkish
small: i(lang="tr") Türkçe
td.english-word yoghurt
td.original-word
i(lang="tr") yoğurt
td.meaning ”
td
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("vn")] Vietnamese
small: i(lang="vi") Tiếng Việt
td.english-word pho
td.original-word
i(lang="vi") phở
td.meaning ”
td.etymology
tr.other
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 North America
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("us")] American Sign Lang.
small: span(lang="ase") 𝣷𝪜𝤃𝪜𝣜𝪜
td.english-word 🤟
td.original-word
span(lang="ase") 𝢜𝪜
td.meaning I love you; to love
td.etymology Blend of #[span(lang="ase") 𝢒𝪜𝣜𝪜𝢚𝪜] (#[+sc("I-L-Y")])
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("us/cherokee")] Cherokee
small #[span(lang="chr") ᏣᎳᎩ] #[i(lang="chr-Latn") Tsalagi]
td.english-word sequoia
td.original-word #[span(lang="chr") ᏍᏏᏉᏯ] #[i(lang="chr-Latn") Ssiquoyah]
td.meaning Sequoyah (#[i the Cherokee silversmith who invented his language’s writing system])
td.etymology Disputed; may also be derived from Latin #[i(lang="la") sequor] “i follow”
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("cascadia")] Chinook Jargon
small: i(lang="chn") Chinuk wawa
td.english-word potlatch
td.original-word
i(lang="chn") palach
td.meaning A gift, a potlatch; to give
td.etymology Nuu-chah-nulth #[i(lang="nuk") p̕ačiƛ] “give in ceremony”
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("us/lakota")] Lakota
small: i(lang="lkt") Lakȟótiyapi
td.english-word teepee
td.original-word
i(lang="lkt") thípi
td.meaning A house, a building
td.etymology #[i(lang="lkt") thípi] “they live (somewhere)”
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("mx")] Nahuatl
small: i(lang="nci") Nāhuatl
td.english-word axolotl
td.original-word
i(lang="nci") āxōlōtl
td.meaning ”
td.etymology #[i(lang="nci") ātl] “water” + #[i xōlōtl] “naked one”
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("taino")] Taíno
td.english-word canoe
td.original-word
i(lang="tnq") *kanowa
td.meaning A dugout canoe
td.etymology
| Proto-Arawak
i(lang="awd") *kanawa
tr.other
th.family-head.lv-3(colspan="5")
h3 South America
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("bo/wiphala")] Aymara
small: i(lang="ay") Aymar aru
td.english-word alpaca
td.original-word
i(lang="ay") allpaqa
td.meaning ”
td.etymology via Spanish #[i(lang="es") alpaca]
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("bo/wiphala")] Quechua
small: i(lang="qu") Runasimi
td.english-word jerky
td.original-word
i(lang="qu") ch’arki
td.meaning Dried meat, jerky; thin, miserly, stingy
td.etymology
| via Spanish
i(lang="es") charqui
tr.other
td.language
| #[+flag("br")] Tupi
small: i(lang="tpn") Tupinambá
td.english-word capybara
td.original-word
i(lang="tpn") kapi’iûara
td.meaning ”
td.etymology Literally “grass-eater”